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N,N-Dimethylformamide is used as solvent, catalyst and gas absorbent. React violently with concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming nitric acid and can even explode.
Pure Dimethylformamide is odorless, but industrial grade or modified Dimethylformamide has a fishy smell because it contains impurities of Dimethylamine.
Dimethylformamide is unstable (especially at high temperatures) in the presence of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide or a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and is hydrolyzed to formic acid and dimethylamine.
| Appearance: | Transparent colorless liquid |
| Density: | 0.945 |
| Melting point: | -61°C |
| Boiling point: | 153°C |
| Refractive index: | 1.429-1.432 |
| Flash point: | 58°C |
| Vapor pressure: | 3.7 mm Hg at 77 °F ; 2.7 mm Hg at 68° F (NTP, 1992) |
| Corrosiveness: | Pure dimethylformamide is essentially noncorrosive to metals. However, copper, tin and their alloys should be avoided. |
| Decomposition: | When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/. |
| Flammability: | DMF is a combustible liquid (NFPA rating = 2). Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to source of ignition and flash back. DMF vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 2.2 to 15.2% (by volume). Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used to fight DMF fires. |
| Storage: | Storage precautions Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. The warehouse temperature should not exceed 37°C. Keep away from fire and heat sources. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, reducing agents, halogens, etc., and must not be mixed. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and appropriate containment materials. |
Dimethylformamide is not only a widely used chemical raw material, but also an excellent solvent with a wide range of applications.
Dimethylformamide is a good solvent for various polymers such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, etc. It can be used for wet spinning of polyacrylonitrile fibers and synthesis of polyurethane; Used for plastic film production; It can also be used as a paint remover to remove paint; It can also dissolve certain low solubility pigments, giving them the characteristics of dyes.
Dimethylformamide is used for aromatic hydrocarbon extraction and for separating and recovering butadiene from C4 fractions and isoprene from C5 fractions. It can also be used as an effective reagent for separating non hydrocarbon components from paraffin.
It has good selectivity for the solubility of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid: isophthalic acid has a higher solubility in dimethylformamide than terephthalic acid, and can be separated by solvent extraction or partial crystallization in dimethylformamide.
In the petrochemical industry, dimethylformamide can be used as a gas absorbent to separate and refine gases.
Dimethylformamide is not only widely used as a solvent in organic reactions, but also as an important intermediate in organic synthesis.
Can be used in the pesticide industry to produce imidacloprid; In the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used to synthesize iodothyroxine, doxycycline, cortisone, vitamin B6, iodine glycosides, pyrethrin, thiamethoxam, N-formylsarcolysin, antitumor acid, methoxy mustard, bianzapine, cycloheximide, furosemide, tranexamic acid, betamethasone, medroxyprogesterone, cholesterol, chlorpheniramine, and so on.
Dimethylformamide plays a catalytic role in hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, dehydration, and dehydrohalogenation reactions, reducing reaction temperature and improving product purity.
