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The main use of litmus is to test whether a solution is acidic or basic, as blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions, and red litmus paper turns blue under basic or alkaline conditions, with the color change occurring over the pH range 4.5-8.3 at 25 °C (77 °F). Neutral litmus paper is purple.[2] Wet litmus paper can also be used to test for water-soluble gases that affect acidity or basicity; the gas dissolves in the water and the resulting solution colors the litmus paper. For instance, a mmonia gas, which is alkaline, turns red litmus paper blue. While all litmus paper acts as pH paper, the opposite is not true.
Litmus can also be prepared as an aqueous solution that functions similarly. Under acidic conditions, the solution is red, and under alkaline conditions, the solution is blue.
| Litmus (pH indicator) | ||
| below pH 4.5 | above pH 8.3 | |
| 4.5 | ⇌ | 8.3 |
Chemical reactions other than acid-base can also cause a color change to litmus paper. For instance, chlo rine gas turns blue litmus paper white; the litmus dye is bleached because hypochlorite ions are present. This reaction is irreversible, so the litmus is not acting as an indicator in this situation.
Appearance Blue powderInfrared spectrometry
Solubility (10 mg/ml
pHVis. transition interval pH 4.8 (Red) - pH 8.3 (Blue)
