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Tetracaine hydrochloride (TCH) is one of the potent local anaesthetics. A kinetic study of oxidation of tetracaine hydrochloride by sodium N-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (chloramine-B or CAB) has been carried in HClO4 medium at 303 K. The rate shows first-order dependence on , shows fractional-order dependence on , and is self-governing on acid concentration. Decrease of dielectric constant of the medium, increased the rate. Variation of ionic strength and addition of benzenesulfonamide or NaCl have no significant effect on the rate. The reaction was studied at different temperatures and the activation parameters have been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1 : 5 and the oxidation products were identified by spectral analysis. The conjugate free acid C6H5SO2NHCl of CAB is postulated as the reactive oxidizing species. The observed results have been explained by plausible mechanism and the related rate law has been deduced.
1. The efficacy profile of lidocaine as a local anesthetic is characterized by a rapid onset of action and intermediate duration of efficacy.
Therefore, lidocaine is suitable for infiltration, block, and surface anesthesia.
Longer-acting substances such as bupivacaine are sometimes given preference for subdural and epidural anesthesias;
lidocaine, though, has the advantage of a rapid onset of action.
2. For surface anesthesia, several available formulations can be used e.g. for endoscopies, before intubations, etc.
Buffering the pH of lidocaine makes local freezing less painful. Lidocaine drops can be used on the eyes for short ophthalmic procedures.
3. Relative insensitivity to lidocaine is genetic. In hypokalemic sensory overstimulation, relative
insensitivity to lidocaine has been described in people who also have attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder.In dental anesthesia, a relative insensitivity to lidocaine can occur for anatomical reasons
due to unexpected positions of nerves. Some people with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are insensitive to lidocaine.
Lidocaine hydrochloride is characterized by strong penetration, strong dispersion, rapidly onset. The anesthetic performance is twice that of procaine and the toxicity is1. There is an anesthetic effect after 5 minutes treatments, and anesthesia can last 1 to 1.5 hours, 50% longer than procaine. The drug is effective on the heart of the disease or arrhythmia caused by cardiac glycoside, but on the supraventricular tachycardia is poor. This product is fast and oral ineffective, with short duration, and often used as intravenous administration.
